The Soviet "Scud" missile family

German Scud-B

Iranian Shahab-2

The Soviet "Scud" missile family

Contents

R-11 (Scud-A)
R-17 (Scud-B)
Scud-B engine (9D21)
Al-Hussein (Scud-B)
R-17M (Scud-C)
R-17M VTO

Norbert Brügge, Germany

Update: 07.09.2010

Hwasong-6 (Scud-C)
Qiam-1 (Scud-C)
Al-Abbas (Scud-C)

Rear of a Scud-B missile without jet vanes

	R-11 (Scud-A) Shahab-1	R-17 (Scud-B)	Hwasong-5 Shahab-2	Al-Hussein	R-17M (Scud-C)	Qiam-1	Hwasong-6	Al-Abbas
Length total	10.424 m	11.164 m	11.164 m	11.164 m	12.664 m	11.500 m	12.664 m	12.664 m
Length without control unit/ warhead	7.444 m	7.444 m	7.444 m	7.444 m	8.944 m	8.944 m	8.944 m	8.944 m
Diameter (m)	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m	0.88 m
Propellant	T-1 /AK-20F	TM-185 /AK-27I	TM-185 /AK-27I	TM-185 /AK-27I	UDMH /AK-27S	UDMH /AK-27S	UDMH /AK-27S	UDMH /AK-27S
Propellant	Kerosene / 80%HNO3 +20%N2O4	Kerosene / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Kerosene / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Kerosene / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Hydrazine / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Hydrazine / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Hydrazine / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4	Hydrazine / 73%HNO3 +27%N2O4
Mass propellant (t)	3.411	3.759	3.759	3.759	4.958	4.958	4.958	4.958
Engine	S2.253 (8D511)	S5.2 (9D21)	S5.2 (9D21)	S5.2 (9D21)	S5.2 (9D21) mod	S5.2 (9D21) mod	S5.2 (9D21) mod	S5.2 (9D21) mod
Thrust s.l. (kN)	81.4	130.6	130.6	130.6	137.3	137.3	137.3	137.3
Thrust vac (kN)	94.8	149.7	149.7	149.7	157.4	157.4	157.4	157.4
Isp s.l. (Ns/kg)	2148	2258	2258	2258	2354	2354	2354	2354
Isp vac Ns/kg)	2501	2589	2589	2589	2699	2699	2699	2699
Burn time, nominal (sec)	90	65	65	65	85	85	85	85
Total vacuum impulse (MNs)	8.53	9.73	9.73	9.73	13.38	13.38	13.38	13.38
TM-185 fuel Polymer Distillate: 56 % (+/- 1,5 %) Light Oil Pyrolyse: 40 % (+/- 1 %) for the increase of the density and the resistance against the oxidation through oxygen Trikresol: 4 % (prevents the crystallization of water)					AK-27I oxidizer Concentrated nitric acid: 69.8 - 70.2% Distickstofftetroxide: 24 - 28% Water: 1.3 - 2% Jod: 0.12 -0.16%
Ignition is accomplished by a hypergolic start fuel designated TG-02 "Samin" filled into the fuel line at the main fuel valve. TG-02 consists of 50 percent Triethylamine and 50 percent Xylidiene. The propellant fed system is a turbo pump driven by a bipropellant gas generator using the main propellants. The start and shut down valves are one shot devices, actuated by pyrotechnic charges. For improving the accuracy the engine is equipped with mechanical controls for correct thrust level and mixture ratio. Tank pressurization is performed by air stored in high-pressure bottles in the missile's tail section, which are heated by the turbine exhaust gases.

R-11 (Scud-A)

Scud-A engine 8D511 ( S2.253)

Rear of a Scud-A with engine Isayev S2.253

Scud-A intertank section Scud-A engine bay

German Scud-A

R-17 (Scud-B)

One of the first's R-17 missiles on Scud-A TEL !

One of the first's R-17 missiles on mod. Scud-A TEL !

Rear of a Scud-B missile with jet vanes

Iran's Shahab-2

A Scud-B missile in Afghanistan

German Scud-B

Vietnamese Scud-B

Libyan Scud-B

North-Koreas's Hwasong-5

Czech Scud-B

This rare photo provided by the “Thai Irrawaddy News Magazine“ on June 24, 2009
shows a Hwasong missile in a factory allegedly in Pyongyang
which was photographedduring a visit by a Myanmar government delegation in 2008.

Hwasong-5

Scud-B engine S5.2 (9D21)

Scud-B propulsion scheme

Scud engine turbopump

Shahab-2 engine S5.2 (9D21)

Iraqi Scud-B engine

Turbine of Shahab-2 engine

Some Scud engines 9D21 (S5.2)

R-17M (Scud-C)

In reference to the Scud-B used propellants - specially the used fuel - in the sources it gives considerable differences. Frequently UDMH is called also. Accordingly the official Scud-B handbook is used however Hydrocarbons. At places in Afghanistan have been found UDMH-containers now, which stand in connection with Soviet Scud rockets from the war in Afghanistan. Since is supposed, that also Scud-C rockets were stationed, the idea is obvious, that this rocket is of other quality as the Scud-B. Then the engine is the problem. Presumably is it modified. Similar to the North-Korean Nodong, which burns UDMH, both tanks are equal large. Up to now no photos are known, which Scud-C rockets presents sure.

                                                                                  Most likely a Scud-C
                                                                                (Hwasong-6)

Detected UDMH -fuel containers in Afghanistan

http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/afghanistan_cont.pdf

Nitric Acid (AK-27) -oxidizer containers in Afghanistan

R-17M VTO (Scud-C VTO)

Most likely a Scud-C with optical warhead "Aerofon"

Most likely a Scud-C on Scud-B TEL with optical warhead "Aerofon"

Hwasong -6 (Scud-C)
The upper stage of the North Korean Taepo Dong-1 space launcher is probable a Soviet Scud-C missile (Hwasong-6). The propellant is consequently a combination of UDMH/AK-27S propellants.
TD-1 Hwasong-6		TD-1 upper stage is a Hwasong-6

Al- Hussein (Scud-B)		Al-Abbas (Scud-C)
The Iraqi Al-Hussein and Al-Abbas missiles are probably similar the Soviet Scud-B and Scud-C missiles. The Al-Hussein missiles used TM-I85 and AK271 propellants; the Al-Abbas missiles probably used UDMH and AK27S propellants. .In 1987, Iraq began inquiring about and procuring facilities, equipment, training and materials concerning every aspect of the use and production of UDMH and related systems in missiles. The program continued until January 1991. Iraq declared that it had unilaterally destroyed 10.5 tons of UDMH in May 1991. As of 1995 UNSCOM was unable to verify this. Further, Iraq declared that no experiments were performed using UDMH. The Commission has information which contradicts this statement !
Iraqi containers for oxidizer AK-27 Iraqi fuel-containers (UDMH ?)		A rare picture of an Iraqi experimental Scud-C engine with nozzle expansion for UDMH fuel use. (planned for the Al-Abid second stage)
Iraqi Scud missile-painting for showing		Al-Hussein Al-Abbas
	Iraqi Al-Hussein		Iraqi Scud-C (Al-Abbas) in launch position
Iraqi Scud-B (Al-Hussein) on Soviet standard TEL		Rear of a Iraqi Scud-B missile with jet vanes
		Iraqi Scud-C (Al-Abbas)
A rare picture with Iraqi Scud-C (Al-Abbas) on extended TEL !		Destroyed Iraqi Scud-B missile with visibly engine S5.2
Al-Abid test launch vehicle probably have used a cluster of Al-Abbas missiles Iraqi Scud-B remains

Qiam-1 (Hwasong-6, Scud-C)
Qiam-1 is a changed Hwasong-6 without fins and a new design of guidance section and warhead
Comparison between Hwasong-6 and Qiam-1 (Scud-C)