Permo-Carboniferous plant-remains in Northeast Africa
(A tabular summary with images)

Norbert Brügge, Germany
Dipl.-Geol.

Update:
10.11.2011

In NE-Africa up to now from three regions are known fossil plants of Permo-Carboniferous age.
Past year Geologists from the University Dongola have found some new fossil plants in the Wadi Halfa.
Recently tourists have found further interesting plant fossils in the Gilf Kebir region (SW-Egypt).


1. ) Gilf Kebir- Uweinat Region (Egypt/Libya)


2. ) Suez-Sinai region (Egypt)
The Permo-Carboniferous succession in the Gulf of Suez region is subdivided into: the Abu Thora Fm. (Late Visean-Early Westphalian), the Abu Durba Fm. (Middle Westphalian), and the Aheimer Fm. (Late Westphalian/Stephanian-Early Permian). The Abu Thora and Abu Durba formations of Sinai are coeval with the Abu Darag Fm. in the Northern Galala. The Aheimer Fm. corresponds to the Ataqa Fm. in the subsurface of the Gulf of Suez. These clastic-dominated deposits reflect shallow subtidal, prograding shoreline and fluviatile conditions. They overlie conformably open marine Early Carboniferous carbonates of the Um Bogma Fm. and are overlain unconformably by continental red bed succession of Late Permian-Triassic age known as the Qiseib Fm.. Stratigraphic correlations with equivalent units recorded from the southern Tethyan basins indicate that great areas of North Africa and the Near East were situated near the southern margin of the Tethyan sea during most of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian time.

3. ) Wadi Halfa area (Sudan)
Most of northern Sudan was part of a regional high. Fluvio-continental and nearshore facies were deposited only in northwestern and northeastern part of the Sudan. Recent work in the northern Sudan, such as Wadi Halfa area, indicated the presence of deposits ranging in age from Carboniferous to Permotriassic. The evidence of continental sediments is based on the presence of Pecopteris aff. permica, Cyclostigma, Calamites, Sigillaria aff. boblayi. Nearshore sediments at the base of section are indicated by the presence of trace fossils (e.g. Arthrophycus).
The recently find of Rhodea sp. in the western direction of Wadi Halfa (Argien area) is a proof for Upper Carboniferous in the region.
South of Wadi Halfa are outcrops the Permo-Triassic Lakia Formation in the Jebel Toshka. On top of the section is found Pterophyllum nubiense L.-NICOL. Very rich is Pterophyllum in the top layers of Lakia Fm. south of Selima.


Permo-Carboniferous paleogeographic situation

 

Age Libya Gilf Kebir region (Egypt/Sudan) NW-Sudan North-Sudan Suez region Sinai
Jabal Asba
Jabal Dalma
Clayton Craters Gilf Kebir Djebel Uweinat Selima
Karb elToum
Wadi  Halfa/Argin
Jebel Toshka
Wadi Araba
Dakhal
Wadi Mukattab
Lycophyta  
aff. Amadokia boureaui Tournaisian - Visean              
Archaeosigillaria minuta Tournaisian              
Archaeosigillaria vanuxemi Tournaisian                
Archaeosigillaria sp. Tournaisian                
aff. Bothrodendron depereti Visean - Namurian                
Coenodendron primaevum U. Tournaisian - Visean              
Precyclostigma blakaense U. Tournaisian - Visean                
Precyclostigma tadrartense Tournaisian                
Precyclostigma sp. Tournaisian - L. Namurian                
Cyclostigma aff. ungeri Namurian - Visean              
aff. Cyclostigma sp. Namurian - Visean                
Heleniella costulata Tournaisian - L. Visean              
Eskdalia africana Tournaisian - Visean              
Eskdalia malikense Visean            
Eskdalia minuta Tounaisian - Visean                
Eskdalia ovale U. Visean - L. Namurian                
Lepidophloios laricinus Namurian - L. Permian                
Lepidophloios sp. Namurian - L. Permian                
Protosalanus sp.                  
Protasalanus elongatus Visean                
aff. Tomiodendron ostrogianum U. Visean - L. Namurian                
Ursodendron aegyptiacum U. Tournaisian - L. Namurian              
Pinakodendron sp. Namurian- Westphalien                
Lepidodendropsis africanum Tournaisian - Namurian                
Lepidodendropsis fenestrata Visean                
Lepidodendropsis devoogdi                  
Lepidodendropsis hirmeri Tournaisian - Visean              
Lepidodendrosis lissoni U. Tournaisian - Visean              
Lepidodendropsis (aff.) rhombiformis Visean - L. Namurian                
Lepidodendropsis schuermanni U. Tournaisian - Visean                
Lepidodendropsis sinaica Tournaisian - Visean              
Lepidodendropsis (aff.) vandergrachti Visean - L. Namurian              
Lepidodendropsis sp. Tournaisian - L. Namurian                
Preudolepidodendropsis klitzschii Upper Visean                
Pseudolepidodendropsis scobiniformis U. Tournaisian - Visean                
Sublepidodendropsis arthrophytoides Visean                
Sublepidodendropsis fasciatum U. Tournaisian - Visean                
Sublepidodendropsis striatus Visean                
Prelepidodendron (aff.) lepidodendroides Visean              
Prelepidodendron  rhomboidale Visean              
Prelepidodendron sp. Visean                
Lepidodendron maktabense U. Visean - L. Namurian                
Lepidodendron mosaicum Visean - L. Namurian              
Lepidodendron (aff.) quadrangulare Lower Namurian                
Lepidodendron (aff.) rhodeanum Visean - L. Namurian                
aff. Lepidodendron spetzbergense U. Tournaisian - Visean                
Lepidodendron  veltheimi Visean - L. Namurian            
Lepidodendron aff. volkmannianum U. Tournaisian - Namurian            
Lepidodendron posthumi Stephanian                
Lepidosigillaria intermedia Visean              
Lepidosigillaria aff. whitei Tournaisian - Visean                
Lepidosigillaria sp. Tournaisian - Visean                
Sigillaria aff. boblayi Westphalian              
Sigillaria ichthyolepis Stephanian                
Sigillaria aff. cancriformis Westphalian              
Stigmaria sp.              
Pteridophylla  
Eremopteris (aff.) elegans Visean              
Eremopteris whitei Visean - L. Namurian              
Eremopteris sp.  Visean              
Rhacopteris ovata L. Visean - L. Namurian                
Rhacopteris semicircularis L. Visean - L. Namurian                
Nothorhacopteris argentinica  U. Visean - L. Namurian                
Nothorhacopteris crenulata  L. Visean - Namurian                
Nothorhacopteris sp. U. Tournaisian - Namurian                
Triphyllopteris gothani  Visean              
Triphyllopteris aff. rhombifolia L. Tournaisian - Visean                
Triphyllopteris sp. L. Tournaisian - Visean              
Rhodea aff. lotzenensis L.Namurian - Westphalian            
aff. Anisopteris sp. Tournaisian - Visean                
Sphenopteris aff. souichii Stephanian                
Astherotheca aff. leeukuilensis Permian              
Pecopteridae aff. Paleoweichselia Stephanian - Permian            
Paleoweichselia aff. defrancei Westphalien              
Pecopteris kebira n.sp. Visean            
Sphenophyta  
Sphenophyllum thonii Stephanian - Permian                
Sphenophyllum sp. Permian                
Archaeocalamites sp. Tournaisian - Visean              
aff. Asterocalamites sp. Visean              
Calamites sp.                
Equisetites .sp Permian                
Lobatannularia aff. lingulata Stephanian - Permian                
Lobatannularia sp. Permian                
Pteridospermatophyta  
Callipteris conferta Permian              
aff. Gangamopteris sp. Permian                
Thinnfeldia aff. decurrens Permian              
Cordaitophyta  
Cordaites aff. angulostriatus Stephanian                
Cordaites aff. regularis  Stephanian              
aff. Cordaites sp. Visean              
Cordaitanthus aff. duquesnensis Permian                
Dorycordaites sp. Permian                
Coniferophyta  
aff. Walchia sp. (2) Permian              
Lebachia aff. hypnoides Permian                
Cycadophyta  
Pterophyllum nubiense Permian ( -L. Jurassic)            
  Libya Gilf Kebir region (Egypt) NW-Sudan North-Sudan Suez region Sinai
Jabal Asba
Jabal Dalma
Clayton Craters Gilf Kebir Djebel Uweinat Selima
Karb elToum
Wadi Halfa/Argin
Jebel Toshka
Wadi Araba
Dakhal
Wadi Mukattab

Sources:

KLITZSCH, E. & LEJAL-NICOL, A. (1984) : Flora and fauna from strata in southern Egypt and northern Sudan (Nubia and surrounding areas).
Berliner geowiss. Abh., (A) 50, p. 47-79.

LEJAL-NICOL, A. (1987) : Flores nouvelles du Paleozoique et du Mesozoique D’Egypte et du Soudan septentrional.
Berliner geowiss. Abh., (A) 75.1, p. 151-248.

M. Nafi, A. El-Amin, A. Abou, A. El-Doma & A. Abakar
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Mining, Department of Petroleum Geology, University of Dongola, Sudan.

U. Steiner & H. Hartmann, Switzerland

Andras Zboray, Hungary