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Norbert Brügge,
Germany Strata
of Lower Cretaceous age (Nubian Series) cover large areas near the Egyptian border
in northern Sudan and in southwestern Egypt. Most sediments are deposited within
the regime of northward flowing rivers.
The Gilf Kebir Formation is described in some details by KLITZSCH et. al. (1979). The type area is the Aqaba passage at Gilf Kebir plateau around 23°25'N and 25°45'E. Here lies fluvial, deltaic and partly near-shore marine sandstone rests unconformably on sandstones of Paleozoic age. At the eastern edge of the Gilf Kebir toward the Abu Ballas area, the Gilf Kebir Formation interfingers with the shallow-marine Abu Ballas Formation. An equivalent of the Six Hills Formation is missing in the Gilf Kebir Formation probably (see comparison of the flores).
Within the Aqaba passage and directly north of there, as well as at the western end of Wadi Wassa (southern foothills of the Kemal-el-Din Plateau) and in the southern reaches, several horizons are rich in flora. Fine-grained sandstone and siltstone locally contain an abundant flora of ferns and other plants of the Early Cretaceous age (among "Cladeophlebis", "Phlebopteris", and Weichselia reticulata STOCKES & WEBB).
More or less the same flora also characterizes the Gilf Kebir Formation along the northern edge of Abdel-Malik Plateau, as well as northeast of the Wadi Abdel Malik. It is
postulated that the locations at the northern part of the Abdel-Malik Plateau
represents only the top part of the Gilf Kebir Formation and it builds up the
lower part of the whole southern Gilf Kebir (Kemal-el-Din Plateau). This is very
doubtful. From the type area (Aqaba passage) and the other locations are available in the literature illustrations of plant-finds with the corresponding determination by LEJAL-NICOL, 1987. There is however unfortunately no exact statements to the places of the discovery. It also lacks verifiable lithostratigraphic profiles in the literature. With high probability the core of the southern part of the Gilf Kebir (Kemal-el-Din Plateau) is formed by Paleozoic sediments. Apparently, the incision of the Aqaba passage is partly filled with younger sediments of the Gilf Kebir Formation. An unconformity between them is not detected up to now.
It appears that the deposits of the Gilf Kebir formation occur not only far to the south of the Djebel Kamil, but also in the western foreland of the Gilf Kebir as remnants. An example is "Three Castels" in the western foreland of Aqaba.
Similarly
characterized by this flora is the lower part of the sedimentation in the Djebel
Kamil and surrounding as well as near the Sudanese/Egyptian border, some meters
above basement. From the locations in the Djebel Kamil some lithostratigraphic
profiles are published by WYCISK, 1984.
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| The following pictures represents in sense LEJAL-NICOL plant remains of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age, which were found between 1977-1984 in the Aqaba passage and south of Gilf Kebir (Wadi Wassa) as well as in the uppermost layers along the northern edge of Abdel-Malik Plateau. | |||
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BÖTTCHER , 1982 "Innerhalb der überwiegend f1uviatilen
und küstennahen Sedimente der Nubischen Gruppe Südwest-Ägyptens wurden mehrere
Florengemeinschaften gefunden. |
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Sources:
Ronald BÖTTCHER -- Die Abu Ballas Formation (Lingula Shale)
(Apt ?) der Nubischen Gruppe Südwest-Ägyptens.
Ronald BÖTTCHER -- Environmental model of the shallow marine
Abu Ballas Formation (Aptian, Nubia Group) in South-Western Egypt.
E. KLITZSCH. & A. LEJAL-NICOL -- Flora and fauna from strata in southern
Egypt and northern Sudan (Nubia and surrounding areas).
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